[edit] C23 TOC
It could be helpful for filling the references section.
| Per N3220 – the first post-C23 draft.
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1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms, definitions, and symbols 3
4 Conformance 9
5 Environment 11
5.1 Conceptual models 11
5.1.1 Translation environment 11
5.1.2 Execution environments 12
5.2 Environmental considerations 19
5.2.1 Character sets 19
5.2.2 Multibyte characters 20
5.2.3 Character display semantics 21
5.2.4 Signals and interrupts 21
5.2.5 Environmental limits 21
6 Language 35
6.1 Notation 35
6.2 Concepts 35
6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers, type names, and compound literals 35
6.2.2 Linkages of identifiers 36
6.2.3 Name spaces of identifiers 37
6.2.4 Storage durations of objects 37
6.2.5 Types 38
6.2.6 Representations of types 42
6.2.7 Compatible type and composite type 43
6.2.8 Alignment of objects 45
6.2.9 Encodings 45
6.3 Conversions 46
6.3.1 Arithmetic operands 46
6.3.2 Other operands 49
6.4 Lexical elements 52
6.4.1 Keywords 53
6.4.2 Identifiers 54
6.4.3 Universal character names 56
6.4.4 Constants 57
6.4.5 String literals 67
6.4.6 Punctuators 68
6.4.7 Header names 69
6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers 70
6.4.9 Comments 70
6.5 Expressions 72
6.5.1 General 72
6.5.2 Primary expressions 73
6.5.3 Postfix operators 74
6.5.4 Unary operators 81
6.5.5 Cast operators 83
6.5.6 Multiplicative operators 84
6.5.7 Additive operators 84
6.5.8 Bitwise shift operators 86
6.5.9 Relational operators 86
6.5.10 Equality operators 87
6.5.11 Bitwise AND operator 88
6.5.12 Bitwise exclusive OR operator 88
6.5.13 Bitwise inclusive OR operator 89
6.5.14 Logical AND operator 89
6.5.15 Logical OR operator 89
6.5.16 Conditional operator 90
6.5.17 Assignment operators 91
6.5.18 Comma operator 94
6.6 Constant expressions 95
6.7 Declarations 97
6.7.1 General 97
6.7.2 Storage-class specifiers 98
6.7.3 Type specifiers 103
6.7.4 Type qualifiers 120
6.7.5 Function specifiers 124
6.7.6 Alignment specifier 125
6.7.7 Declarators 126
6.7.8 Type names 132
6.7.9 Type definitions 133
6.7.10 Type inference 134
6.7.11 Initialization 136
6.7.12 Static assertions 142
6.7.13 Attributes 142
6.8 Statements and blocks 152
6.8.1 General 152
6.8.2 Labeled statements 153
6.8.3 Compound statement 153
6.8.4 Expression and null statements 153
6.8.5 Selection statements 154
6.8.6 Iteration statements 155
6.8.7 Jump statements 156
6.9 External definitions 159
6.9.1 General 159
6.9.2 Function definitions 159
6.9.3 External object definitions 161
6.10 Preprocessing directives 163
6.10.1 General 163
6.10.2 Conditional inclusion 166
6.10.3 Source file inclusion 170
6.10.4 Binary resource inclusion 171
6.10.5 Macro replacement 178
6.10.6 Line control 185
6.10.7 Diagnostic directives 186
6.10.8 Pragma directive 186
6.10.9 Null directive 187
6.10.10 Predefined macro names 187
6.10.11 Pragma operator 189
6.11 Future language directions 190
6.11.1 Floating types 190
6.11.2 Linkages of identifiers 190
6.11.3 External names 190
6.11.4 Character escape sequences 190
6.11.5 Storage-class specifiers 190
6.11.6 Pragma directives 190
6.11.7 Predefined macro names 190
7 Library 191
7.1 Introduction 191
7.1.1 Definitions of terms 191
7.1.2 Standard headers 191
7.1.3 Reserved identifiers 192
7.1.4 Use of library functions 193
7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> 195
7.2.1 General 195
7.2.2 Program diagnostics 195
7.3 Complex arithmetic <complex.h> 196
7.3.1 Introduction 196
7.3.2 Conventions 196
7.3.3 Branch cuts 197
7.3.4 The CX_LIMITED_RANGE pragma 197
7.3.5 Trigonometric functions 197
7.3.6 Hyperbolic functions 199
7.3.7 Exponential and logarithmic functions 200
7.3.8 Power and absolute-value functions 201
7.3.9 Manipulation functions 202
7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> 205
7.4.1 General 205
7.4.2 Character classification functions 205
7.4.3 Character case mapping functions 207
7.5 Errors <errno.h> 209
7.6 Floating-point environment <fenv.h> 210
7.6.1 The FENV_ACCESS pragma 212
7.6.2 The FENV_ROUND pragma 213
7.6.3 The FENV_DEC_ROUND pragma 214
7.6.4 Floating-point exceptions 215
7.6.5 Rounding and other control modes 218
7.6.6 Environment 220
7.7 Characteristics of floating types <float.h> 222
7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> 223
7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers 223
7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types 224
7.9 Alternative spellings <iso646.h> 226
7.10 Characteristics of integer types <limits.h> 227
7.11 Localization <locale.h> 228
7.11.1 Locale control 228
7.11.2 Numeric formatting convention inquiry 229
7.12 Mathematics <math.h> 234
7.12.1 Treatment of error conditions 237
7.12.2 The FP_CONTRACT pragma 238
7.12.3 Classification macros 238
7.12.4 Trigonometric functions 241
7.12.5 Hyperbolic functions 246
7.12.6 Exponential and logarithmic functions 248
7.12.7 Power and absolute-value functions 256
7.12.8 Error and gamma functions 259
7.12.9 Nearest integer functions 261
7.12.10 Remainder functions 265
7.12.11 Manipulation functions 266
7.12.12 Maximum, minimum, and positive difference functions 269
7.12.13 Fused multiply-add 274
7.12.14 Functions that round result to narrower type 274
7.12.15 Quantum and quantum exponent functions 276
7.12.16 Decimal re-encoding functions 278
7.12.17 Comparison macros 280
7.13 Non-local jumps <setjmp.h> 283
7.13.1 Save calling environment 283
7.13.2 Restore calling environment 283
7.14 Signal handling <signal.h> 285
7.14.1 Specify signal handling 285
7.14.2 Send signal 286
7.15 Alignment <stdalign.h> 288
7.16 Variable arguments <stdarg.h> 289
7.16.1 Variable argument list access macros 289
7.17 Atomics <stdatomic.h> 293
7.17.1 Introduction 293
7.17.2 Initialization 294
7.17.3 Order and consistency 294
7.17.4 Fences 297
7.17.5 Lock-free property 298
7.17.6 Atomic integer types 298
7.17.7 Operations on atomic types 299
7.17.8 Atomic flag type and operations 302
7.18 Bit and byte utilities <stdbit.h> 304
7.18.1 General 304
7.18.2 Endian 304
7.18.3 Count Leading Zeros 305
7.18.4 Count Leading Ones 305
7.18.5 Count Trailing Zeros 305
7.18.6 Count Trailing Ones 306
7.18.7 First Leading Zero 306
7.18.8 First Leading One 307
7.18.9 First Trailing Zero 307
7.18.10 First Trailing One 308
7.18.11 Count Zeros 309
7.18.12 Count Ones 309
7.18.13 Single-bit Check 309
7.18.14 Bit Width 310
7.18.15 Bit Floor 310
7.18.16 Bit Ceiling 311
7.19 Boolean type and values <stdbool.h> 312
7.20 Checked Integer Arithmetic <stdckdint.h> 313
7.20.1 Checked Integer Operation Type-generic Macros 313
7.21 Common definitions <stddef.h> 314
7.21.1 The unreachable macro 315
7.21.2 The nullptr_t type 315
7.22 Integer types <stdint.h> 317
7.22.1 Integer types 317
7.22.2 Widths of specified-width integer types 319
7.22.3 Width of other integer types 319
7.22.4 Macros for integer constants 320
7.22.5 Maximal and minimal values of integer types 320
7.23 Input/output <stdio.h> 321
7.23.1 Introduction 321
7.23.2 Streams 323
7.23.3 Files 324
7.23.4 Operations on files 325
7.23.5 File access functions 327
7.23.6 Formatted input/output functions 330
7.23.7 Character input/output functions 348
7.23.8 Direct input/output functions 351
7.23.9 File positioning functions 352
7.23.10 Error-handling functions 354
7.24 General utilities <stdlib.h> 356
7.24.1 Numeric conversion functions 356
7.24.2 Pseudo-random sequence generation functions 363
7.24.3 Memory management functions 364
7.24.4 Communication with the environment 367
7.24.5 Searching and sorting utilities 370
7.24.6 Integer arithmetic functions 371
7.24.7 Multibyte/wide character conversion functions 372
7.24.8 Multibyte/wide string conversion functions 373
7.24.9 Alignment of memory 374
7.25 _Noreturn <stdnoreturn.h> 375
7.26 String handling <string.h> 376
7.26.1 String function conventions 376
7.26.2 Copying functions 376
7.26.3 Concatenation functions 378
7.26.4 Comparison functions 379
7.26.5 Search functions 380
7.26.6 Miscellaneous functions 383
7.27 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> 385
7.28 Threads <threads.h> 390
7.28.1 Introduction 390
7.28.2 Initialization functions 391
7.28.3 Condition variable functions 391
7.28.4 Mutex functions 393
7.28.5 Thread functions 395
7.28.6 Thread-specific storage functions 397
7.29 Date and time <time.h> 400
7.29.1 Components of time 400
7.29.2 Time manipulation functions 401
7.29.3 Time conversion functions 404
7.30 Unicode utilities <uchar.h> 410
7.30.1 Restartable multibyte/wide character conversion functions 410
7.31 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> 415
7.31.1 Introduction 415
7.31.2 Formatted wide character input/output functions 416
7.31.3 Wide character input/output functions 429
7.31.4 General wide string utilities 433
7.31.4.1 Wide string numeric conversion functions 433
7.31.4.2 Wide string copying functions 438
7.31.4.3 Wide string concatenation functions 439
7.31.4.4 Wide string comparison functions 439
7.31.4.5 Wide string search functions 441
7.31.4.6 Miscellaneous functions 445
7.31.5 Wide character time conversion functions 445
7.31.6 Extended multibyte/wide character conversion utilities 446
7.31.6.1 Single-byte/wide character conversion functions 446
7.31.6.2 Conversion state functions 446
7.31.6.3 Restartable multibyte/wide character conversion functions 447
7.31.6.4 Restartable multibyte/wide string conversion functions 448
7.32 Wide character classification and mapping utilities <wctype.h> 451
7.32.1 Introduction 451
7.32.2 Wide character classification utilities 451
7.32.2.1 Wide character classification functions 451
7.32.2.2 Extensible wide character classification functions 454
7.32.3 Wide character case mapping utilities 455
7.32.3.1 Wide character case mapping functions 455
7.32.3.2 Extensible wide character case mapping functions 455
7.33 Future library directions 457
7.33.1 Complex arithmetic <complex.h> 457
7.33.2 Character handling <ctype.h> 457
7.33.3 Errors <errno.h> 457
7.33.4 Floating-point environment <fenv.h> 457
7.33.5 Characteristics of floating types <float.h> 457
7.33.6 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> 457
7.33.7 Localization <locale.h> 457
7.33.8 Mathematics <math.h> 457
7.33.9 Signal handling <signal.h> 458
7.33.10 Atomics <stdatomic.h> 458
7.33.11 Boolean type and values <stdbool.h> 458
7.33.12 Bit and byte utilities <stdbit.h> 458
7.33.13 Checked Arithmetic Functions <stdckdint.h> 458
7.33.14 Integer types <stdint.h> 458
7.33.15 Input/output <stdio.h> 458
7.33.16 General utilities <stdlib.h> 458
7.33.17 String handling <string.h> 459
7.33.18 Date and time <time.h> 459
7.33.19 Threads <threads.h> 459
7.33.20 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> 459
7.33.21 Wide character classification and mapping utilities <wctype.h> 459
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